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What's the key takeaway of this year's report?
A change of course is likely as FLNG players take a second look at financials. Questions remain over cost and project economics.
What's inside this report?
Get answers to all your questions about FLNG including:
- What do I need to know about FLNG?
- How does FLNG stack up against LNG?
- What's the FLNG industry doing to overcome challenges such as the reduction in exploration expenditure and the poor economies of scale?
Report summary
The lack of economy of scale is likely to limit FLNG projects to small-scale and remote developments as it competes for buyers, financing and partners in a busy LNG marketplace.
Liam Kelleher, global LNG research analyst, quoted by oilprice.com
Sample data point
What do I need to know about capital expenditure of FLNG projects? And how does this compare to LNG?
In this report, we present the CAPEX of all LNG and FLNG projects worldwide, illustrated in the graph above by year of which they took Final Investment Decision (FID). Since the year 2000 to date, the average cost of LNG projects sanctioned has been $1000/tonne. However from 2009 to date, the cost of LNG projects rose to an average $1,400 per tonne. The sustained high oil price between 2008 and 2014 – which peaked at $147/bbl (Brent) – caused a major escalation in project costs of both oil and gas projects. A number of high cost Australian projects were also sanctioned, with an average cost of $2,400/tonne.
Table of contents
- Global FLNG Overview 2019: One giant leap for FLNG, small steps lay ahead
- Near-shore Developments
- Open-Sea developments
- Economics
-
Capital Expenditure (CAPEX)
- Location and CAPEX
- Operating Expenditure (OPEX)
-
Breakeven Costs
- Construction Time
- Financing and Commercial Structure
- Commercial structure
- Cost Risks - Escalation and Deflation
- Supply and Demand
-
FID Outlook
- Exploration - a dwindling number of new gas finds
- Project Cancellations and Postponements
-
Advantages and Disadvantages of FLNG
- Advantages
- Disadvantages:
-
Remaining Issues
- Fiscal requirements and local content
- Economy of scale in a competitive market
- FLNG gravitating towards a fixed offshore concept
- Summary
- Liquids Processing and Storage
- LNG Offloading & Transfer
- Liquefaction processes and capacity constraints
- Vessel life
- LNG storage and containment type
- Capacity
- Utilisation
- Safety
-
Key players
- Upstream companies
- Majors
- Asian NOCs and IOCs
- Mid and Large-Caps
- Other
- Mid-stream operators
- Golar
- Exmar
- SBM Offshore
- Hoegh
- Excelerate Energy
-
EPC contractors and shipbuilders
- EPC/Technology Companies
- Shipbuilders
-
Key Projects
- Asia Pacific
- Australia
- Prelude
- Equus FLNG - Speculative
- Cancelled Projects
- Browse FLNG – Concept Changed to Onshore
- Scarborough FLNG – Concept Changed to Onshore
- Cash-Maple FLNG – Concept Changed to Onshore
- Other Australia
- Timor-Leste
- Greater Sunrise FLNG - Speculative
- Malaysia
- PETRONAS FLNG 1 (Satu) - Operational
- PETRONAS FLNG 2 (Dua) – Under Construction
- Indonesia
- Abadi FLNG - Concept Changed to Onshore
- Natuna and Dara FLNG - Stalled
- Papua New Guinea
- Pandora FLNG - Speculative
- PNG FLNG – Concept Changed to Onshore
-
Africa and Middle East
- Cameroon
- Cameroon GoFLNG – Operational
- Etinde FLNG – Speculative
- Equatorial Guinea
- Fortuna FLNG – Speculative
- Mozambique
- Coral FLNG – Under Construction
- Mauritania/Senegal
- Tortue FLNG - Under Construction
- Congo-Brazzaville
- CBLNG - Stalled
-
Americas
- US Gulf Coast
- Delfin FLNG – Possible
- Main Pass Energy Hub (MPEH) – Speculative
- Avocet FLNG - Stalled
- Point Comfort FLNG - Stalled
- Annova FLNG – Concept Changed to Onshore
- Lavaca Bay - Cancelled
- EOS FLNG - Cancelled
- Cambridge Energy (CE) FLNG – Cancelled
- Canada
- Western FLNG – Speculative
- Kitimat FLNG – Cancelled
- Douglas Channel LNG – Cancelled
- Kitsault LNG – Cancelled
- Stewart Energy FLNG – Cancelled
- Colombia
- Caribbean FLNG – Cancelled
- Argentina
- Tango FLNG
- Brazil
-
Other
- Russia
- Gorskaya FLNG – Cancelled
Tables and charts
This report includes 36 images and tables including:
- Project Details
- CAPEX ($/tonne) of LNG projects by FID Date
- CAPEX ($/tonne) and OPEX ($/mmbtu) for selected projects
- FOB Breakeven Prices for selection of projects
- CAPEX for FLNG Projects
- OPEX for FLNG Projects
- LNG Supply and Demand - History and Forecast
- Capacity Sanctioned per year
- No of projects sanctioned per year
- Annual CAPEX - History and Forecast
- Upstream vs Midstream processing requirements
- Example LNG Specifications and Process Equipment Required
- Floating Liquefaction Technologies
- Vessel Life and Allocated Capacity
- Vessel Sizing
- Liquefaction Capacity and Resource Size
- Africa LNG Map
- Capacity (mmtpa) by region and CAPEX ($/tonne)
- CAPEX ($/tonne) of selected LNG and FLNG plants
- Construction Times and Overruns of FLNG and Onshore LNG
- Number of gas discoveries by resource size
- Number of FLNG projects by company type
- EPC Companies and Project Slate
- Shipbuilders and Project Slate
- APAC LNG Map
- Prelude Project Details
- PFLNG 1 Project Details
- PFLNG 2 Project Details
- Cameroon GoFLNG Project Details
- Fortuna FLNG Project Details
- Coral FLNG Project Details
- Tortue FLNG Project Details
- US Gulf Coast LNG Map
- Canada LNG Map
- Tango FLNG Project Details
What's included
This report contains:
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