Insight

Carbon policy: 2025 in review

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2025 saw shifting dynamics in global carbon policy. Momentum switched from transition optimism to policy pragmatism as governments balanced climate commitments with inflation, energy security, and social concerns. Meanwhile, countries’ headline climate commitments – nationally determined contributions – arrived late with limited ambition: only 13 countries met the February deadline for submission.

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    Carbon policy: 2025 in review

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