Besides growing rapidly, energy demand in India’s residential sector is undergoing a transition from biomass to cleaner fuel alternatives for health and environmental benefits. Millions of households are expected to transition from the polluting biomass to cleaner LPG, making India the world’s largest LPG consumer in the residential sector. How will piped natural gas (PNG) fare in this journey? In this insight, we examine the dynamics of inter-fuel substitution in India’s residential sector looking at the following aspects: - What factors have been driving LPG demand in Indian households? - Is the transition from biomass to clean fuels complete? What are the challenges? - What has been the limitation to PNG demand growth? - Retail price comparison for PNG and LPG. Will PNG emerge as a cleaner alternative to LPG? - What is the upside and downside risk to long-term LPG demand?