Coal seam gas to LNG – how has the industry developed and what next?

Queensland's three coal seam gas (CSG) to LNG plants produce just over a quarter of Australia’s LNG exports, creating the world’s largest CSG production play. But the upstream landscape in Australia has changed significantly since these project FIDs were taken in the early 2010s. Domestic gas shortages on the East coast have forced new regulatory policies and altered market dynamics. Expanding on a paper presented at the 2025 Australian Energy Producers conference, we review how the CSG-LNG sector has developed and performed versus expectations, and how it might have to change in the future.