Import substitution: how will Russia adjust?

The future of Russian liquid production highly depends on the success of  import substitution implementation. Since the introduction of sectoral sanctions  in July 2014, Russia has lost access to certain high-end technologies which are crucial to the development of Arctic offshore, shale oil and deepwater projects. Several upstream projects to be developed with Western companies are affected by sanctions.  The Russian government has outlined an import substitution plan until 2020 to help domestic companies provide the technology required to sustain liquids production targets.