Netherlands upstream summary Report

Country Report 11 February 2025

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Report summary

A mature hydrocarbon producer - The Netherlands is the fifth largest gas producer in Europe, behind Norway, the UK, and now Ukraine and Romania. Gas production entered terminal decline in 2014 when the government imposed production caps at Groningen, but the country has a renewed focus on improving domestic energy security, providing a boost to the declining upstream sector. Production in the Netherlands began onshore in the 1950s and offshore in the 1970s. Gas production has historically ...

Executive summary
Key facts
Location maps
Key companies
- State-backed companies
  - Energie Beheer Nederland B.V (EBN)
- Majors
  - Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij (NAM)
  - Eni
  - TotalEnergies
- Other key IOCs
- Other key companies
  - GasTerra
  - Gasunie
Geology
- Introduction
- Netherlands - hydrocarbon plays
- Rotliegendes play
- Bunter play
- Zechstein play
- Carboniferous play
- Jurassic play
Exploration
- Licensing
  - Overview
- Drilling
  - Drilling activity
  - Offshore - key recent and future conventional E&A activity
  - Onshore - key recent and future conventional E&A activity
  - Historical conventional E&A activity
  - Unconventional E&A activity
  - Success rates
Reserves and resources
- Overview
- Reserves
- Contingent resources
Production
- Oil and condensate
- Gas
- Groningen closure
  - Historical production caps at Groningen
Infrastructure
- Introduction
- Oil infrastructure
  - Onshore oil pipelines
- Refineries
- Gas infrastructure
  - Noordgastransport (NGT) system
  - Westgastransport (WGT) system
  - Noordelijke Offshore Gastransportleiding (NOGAT) system
  - Other offshore gas pipelines
- Gas transmission pipelines
  - Balgzand to Bacton Line (BBL)
- Underground gas storage
  - Norg
  - Grijpskerk
  - Alkmaar
  - Bergermeer
  - Zuidwending
- LNG import terminals
  - GATE
  - EemsEnergyTerminal
  - Zeeland Energy Terminal
Costs
- Introduction
- Capital costs
  - Capital expenditure by location
- Operating costs
  - Operating expenditure by location
Policy and regulation
- Key legislation
  - 2021 Mining Law amendments
  - 2003 Mining Law
- Regulatory body
- State participation
- Government depletion policy
  - Historical development
  - Gasunie split - GasTerra
  - Small fields policy
  - Offtake terms for small fields
  - Historical offtake terms for small fields
- Licensing
- Offshore licensing
  - Offshore exploration licences
  - Offshore production licences
- Onshore licensing
- Fallow Covenant
Fiscal terms
- Overview
- Upstream
  - Windfall tax measures (2022-24)
- Current fiscal terms
  - Basis
  - Government equity participation
  - Ring fencing
  - Royalty
  - Corporate income tax (CIT)
  - State profit share
  - Interaction between state profit share and corporate income tax
  - EU temporary solidarity contribution (2022)
  - 2 more item(s)...
- Sample cash flow
- Historical background
  - Pre-Groningen tax terms
  - Special Groningen tax terms
  - 1967 and 1976 Royal Decrees
  - Historical royalty rates
  - Corporate income tax (historical rules)
  - State profit share (historical rules)