Pakistan upstream summary Report

Country Report 22 April 2025

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Report summary

Pakistan's upstream sector is characterised by production from mature basins where the cost of exploration and development is low. Pakistan is primarily a gas-focused country. Mari and Uch are the country's largest gas fields, but production is declining, as are most other fields. The country's production is expected to decline by 10% year-on-year over the next decade without any significant new developments or discoveries. All production is from onshore fields. Offshore blocks ...

Executive summary
Key facts
Location maps
Key companies
Geology
- Introduction
- Indus basin
- Balochistan
- Offshore Indus basin
- Offshore Makran basin
Exploration
- Licensing
- Historic licensing
  - Licensing rounds (1989 - 2008)
  - 2009 licensing round
  - 2012 licensing round
  - 2018 licensing round
  - 2020 licensing round
  - 2022 licensing round
  - 2023 licensing round
  - 2025 licensing round
  - 2 more item(s)...
- Drilling
  - Drilling activity
- Early years
- 1950 - 1979
- 1980 - 1999
- 2000 - 2009
- 2010 - 2025
Reserves and resources
Production
- Oil/liquids
- Gas
Infrastructure
- Oil infrastructure
  - Crude pipelines
  - Terminals
- Refineries
  - Proposed and under-construction refineries
  - Indus refinery
  - Khalifa Point refinery
  - Port Qasim refinery
- Product pipelines
  - PARCO
  - Attock Oil
- Gas infrastructure
  - SNGPL
  - SSGCL
  - Others
  - Privatisation plans
- Gas import
  - Import pipelines
  - LNG projects
Costs
- Introduction
- Capital costs
  - Capital expenditure by location
- Operating costs
  - Operating expenditure by location
Policy and regulation
- Key legislation
- Legislation
  - Petroleum exploration and production rules 1986
  - Mines and oilfields and mineral development control act, 1948
  - Regulations of mines and oilfields and mineral development (government control) act, 1948 (amended 1976)
- Petroleum policies
  - 1994 petroleum policy
  - 1997 petroleum policy
  - 1999 pricing policy
  - 2001 petroleum policy
  - 2007 petroleum policy
  - 2009 petroleum policy
  - 2012 petroleum policy
- Regulatory body
  - The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA)
  - Petroleum division
- State oil company
- Privatisation programme
  - OGDC
  - Pakistan Petroleum Limited (PPL)
  - SNGPL and SSGCL
- Licensing
- Type of contract
  - Reconnaissance permit
  - Petroleum exploration licence (PEL)
  - Development and production lease (D&P)
- 1 more item(s)...
Fiscal terms
- Overview
  - Upstream
- Current fiscal terms
- Concessions
  - State equity participation
  - Participation rate
  - Bonuses, rentals and fees
  - Royalty
  - Indirect taxes
  - Value Added Tax (VAT)
  - Import duties
  - Withholding tax on sub-contractors
  - 5 more item(s)...
- Product pricing
  - Liquids pricing
  - Natural gas pricing
  - Pre-1994 pricing
  - 1994 Pricing Policy
  - 1999 gas pricing mechanism
  - 1999 modified gas pricing mechanism
  - 2001 gas pricing mechanism
  - 2007 pricing policy
  - 4 more item(s)...
- Corporate (or Petroleum) Income Tax
  - Tax rate
  - Sample cash flow
- Tight gas policy
  - Royalty
  - Windfall levy
  - Other fiscal levies
  - Gas pricing
  - Income Tax
  - Tax loss carry forward
- Production Sharing Agreements (PSAs)
  - Bonuses, rentals and fees
  - Other bonuses and fees
  - Indirect taxes
  - Value Added Tax (VAT)
  - Import duties
  - Withholding tax on sub-contractors
  - Royalty and other production taxes
  - PSC cost recovery
  - 4 more item(s)...
- Historical background
  - 1990s
  - 2000s