Insight
Jiangxi's lithium squeeze: falling grades, lapsing permits, and looming smelting waste bill
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Report summary
Our latest lithium insight draws on first-hand intelligence from a site visit to Jiangxi - China's largest lepidolite processing hub. The facilities included a GFEX delivery warehouse, converters, recyclers, a mineral trader, a semi solid-state battery maker, a lead-acid battery producer, an LFP cathode producer and a storage systems integrator. Jiangxi's lithium industry is under pressure from three directions simultaneously: ore grades are falling, mines are idled on permit renewals, and a potential hazardous-waste reclassification could materially reshape the cost curve. The insight also covers: - Converter feed grades and recovery rate trends - Licence renewal status across Jiangxi operations - African feedstock arrivals and logistics constraints - Recycled lithium quality, economics and carbon positioning - Smelting waste volumes and treatment - Lead-acid and sodium-ion battery developments - ESS demand growth versus cooling C&I storage - The 2027–2028 recycling supply wave
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