2025 North America virtual power plant report

Updated 9/16/2025. This is an annual, comprehensive report on the virtual power plant (VPP) market in North America. It is based on detailed accounting of every major VPP deployment on the continent, including the company, offtaker, technologies involved, and programs monetized. It also features the results of a survey of top VPP providers, weighing in on key questions facing the industry. The report is broken into five major sections: Markets, policy and regulatory, offtakers, technology, and competitive landscape. In addition to breaking down the deployment and market survey data based on different explanatory variables, these sections offer analysis on company business models and leadership, as well as both opportunities and risks facing the industry.