How green is an electric vehicle on a well-to-wheel basis?

The rise of electric vehicles is crucial in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and addressing climate change. With zero tailpipe emissions, EVs appear to be the antithesis to their internal combustion engine counterparts. But when the manufacturing and powering of EVs are taken into account, are their credentials as persistently green as many believe? We have unified in-house research and data across upstream, refining, power generation, automotive and battery manufacturing, and developed a simple model to assess and compare the life-cycle GHG emissions of an EV and an ICE car.