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China smashes LNG growth record (again) in 2018 – what changed

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• China's LNG imports increased by 15.6 Mt in 2018, breaking the previous world record it set just one year ago. • Chinese buyers have returned to contracting in a significant way, driven by the need to improve short-term supply security and to hedge long-term uncertainty in domestic supply ramp-up. Meanwhile, China became much more active in spot procurement to balance the market. • The high growth was achieved despite higher import costs. Yet, there a mixed mood on gas demand emerged towards the end of 2018. • We expect LNG demand to moderate somewhat in 2019 but will still see demand growth of nearly 9 Mt, ensuring it will continue to shape the global market.
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Table of contents

  • Highlights
    • China breaks LNG growth record again and overtakes Japan as the largest gas importer
    • No repeat of last winter’s gas supply shortages, and China probably overbought LNG for winter
    • Policy reaffirms support for long-term gas growth while shifting near-term focus to domestic production and infrastructure
    • Chinese buyers much more active in term contracting than in 2017
    • Contracted imports increase but spot purchases double
    • The US-China trade war had a limited short-term impact
  • LNG shipping
    • CNOOC slows market share decline
    • CNPC/PetroChina returned to contracting in a significant way
    • Sinopec ended its overcontracted position and resolved many marketing challenges
    • Trucked LNG players tested the water
    • Trucking supports LNG demand growth
    • Storage facilities slightly improved, but still not enough
    • Northern terminals remained stretched
    • Third-party access progressed slowly
    • LNG demand increased despite higher import prices, thanks to the overwhelming priority to secure winter supply and gas pricing reforms
    • Nevertheless, gas users started to feel the heat of higher gas prices in winter; concerns over affordability have re-emerged
    • The relative competitiveness between LNG and pipeline imports reversed in 2018
    • Volatility of trucked LNG prices less dramatic due to improved winter supplies and leaner supply chain
    • The slowdown in demand could deepen
    • Pipeline supply potential
    • Next step on the reform agenda – will we see a national pipeline company?

Tables and charts

This report includes the following images and tables:

    China LNG imports by supply basinChina LNG imports by supply basin (tonne-miles)China LNG imports by average distance travelled
    China LNG imports by supply basin (tonne-miles)LNG demand growth in 2018 by regionMonthly LNG imports 2016-2018LNG supply structure 2017-2018Spot LNG purchase in 2018China LNG imports by supply country/regionMonthly imports into the three NOCs’ terminalsTerminal utilisationLNG imports value and average import cost
  • 3 more item(s)...

What's included

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    China smashes LNG growth record (again) in 2018 – what changed

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    china-lng-2018_04feb.xls

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